Sensitive Temperature Probes Detail Different Turbulence Processes in the Deep Mediterranean

In addition to large-scale water flows and eddies, small-scale turbulent mixing distributes heat, masses, suspended matter in the deep sea. contrast near sea surface, which is driven by wind waves redistributes solar heat input, occurs steep underwater topography such as ridges, seamounts, continental slopes. For example, above slope Western Mediterranean Sea, boundary flows, (sub-)mesoscale internal dominate motions. this area, wintertime dense-water formation, breaking of waves, geothermal heating are associated with mixing. As a result, vertical stable density stratification very weak. Detailed observations rare demand high-resolution instrumentation. This paper provides an overview various types turbulence observed using temperature sensors, including weak resulting from late summer autumn, strong caused below winter, moderate induced stratified waters pressing down during formation winter spring.